I-Aluminium (Al) iyinsimbi emangalisayo engasindi esakazwa kabanzi emvelweni.Inenqwaba yezinhlanganisela, cishe amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-40 kuya kwezingu-50 e-aluminium oqweqweni lomhlaba, okuyenza ibe ingxenye yesithathu eningi kakhulu ngemva kwe-oxygen ne-silicon.
Eyaziwa ngezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu, i-aluminium ithatha isikhundla esibalulekile phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zensimbi.Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele zamakhemikhali nezomzimba, ibhalwe njengensimbi yokuzikhethela ngaphezu kwezinye izinsimbi.Ngokuphawulekayo, i-aluminium yaziwa ngesisindo sayo esilula, amandla ahlala isikhathi eside, i-ductility enhle kakhulu, ukuqhutshwa kukagesi kanye ne-thermal, kanye nokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushisa nemisebe yenuzi.
Lezi zimfanelo eziyingqayizivele zivule indlela yokuthi i-aluminium isetshenziswe kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukene.Iguqule imboni yezokundiza futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni izindiza njengoba izakhiwo zayo ezingasindi zisiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kukonke.Ukwengeza, amandla ayo kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo kuyenza ibe yinto enhle kakhulu yokwakha izindiza eziqinile nezihamba ngezindiza.
Ukuguquguquka kwe-aluminium akugcini nje kwezokundiza, kodwa kungena kuzo zonke izinkambu.Embonini yezimoto, ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium ekukhiqizeni izimoto sekuthole ukunakwa okukhulu.Imvelo yensimbi engasindi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza, ekugcineni yenze kube lula ukuhamba okuzinzile.
Ukwengeza, i-aluminum ye-thermal conductivity emangalisayo yenza kube lula ukulahlwa kokushisa, ikwenze kube ingxenye ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni osinki bokushisa bemishini kagesi.Ngaphezu kwe-conductivity, lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokulungile kwemishini ye-elekthronikhi, ukugwema izinkinga ezingenzeka zokushisa ngokweqile.
Okunye okugqamile kwezakhiwo ezihlukile ze-aluminium ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo.Ngokungafani nezinye izinsimbi eziningi, i-aluminium yakha ungqimba oluncane lwe-oxide oluvikelayo lapho ivezwe emoyeni.Lesi sici siyenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zasolwandle njengoba ingamelana nemiphumela elimazayo yamanzi anosawoti nezinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene.
Ukwengeza, ukugaywa kabusha kwe-aluminium kanye nezidingo zamandla aphansi ukuze kukhishwe kuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuvumelana nemvelo.Ngokuqwashisa okwandayo kwentuthuko esimeme, isidingo se-aluminium ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene siyaqhubeka nokukhula.Ukwenziwa kabusha kwayo kunciphisa isidingo sokukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium eyinhloko, ukonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa.
Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo eziningi, ukukhiqizwa nokucubungula kwe-aluminium kunezinselelo zakho siqu.Ukukhipha i-aluminium ensimbi kudinga amandla amakhulu kanye nezinsiza, okuholela ekukhishweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa.Ukwengeza, inqubo yezimayini ingaba nomthelela omubi kwezemvelo, okuhlanganisa ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nokuwohloka kwenhlabathi.
Kwenziwa imizamo yokubhekana nalezi zinkinga futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium.Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokukhipha okusimeme kuyaqhubeka, njengokusebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokuthuthukisa izinqubo zokugaywa kabusha ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wendawo.
Ekuphetheni, izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele zamakhemikhali nezomzimba ze-aluminium, okuhlanganisa isisindo sayo esilula, amandla, i-ductility, i-electromagnetic conductivity kagesi neyokushisa, ukumelana nokushisa nokumelana nemisebe, kuyenza ibe yinsimbi eguquguqukayo futhi ebalulekile ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.Ukusetshenziswa kwayo emikhakheni efana nezokundiza, izimoto, ezogesi kanye nemikhumbi kuguqule lezi zimboni futhi kwaba nesandla ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme.Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokusimama kokukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium nokuqinisekisa ukuhlomula kwayo okuqhubekayo esintwini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-20-2023